The Consequences of Prohibition Essay - 580 Words

The Consequences of Prohibition On the midnight of 28th October 1919, importing, exporting, transporting, selling and manufacturing of intoxicating liquor came to a halt in America. Possessing substances above the 0.5% alcohol limit was illegal. This was Prohibition. This Eighteenth Amendment was meant to have reduced the consumption level, consequently to have reduced death rates, poverty and principally crime, in the USA. Yet this had quite the opposite effect. The .Act led to even more damage, death and destruction. Many would believe Prohibition was the source of explosive growth of organized crime, as a result the amount of alcohol consumption dramatically increased. The Federal†¦show more content†¦The swindlers, also known as bootleggers set up 100,000’s of illegal ‘speakeasies’ in Chicago alone and worked along the lines of â€Å"intimidation, blackmail†, bribery and homicide. These businesses, often hidden in basements, office buildings, and anywhere that could be found became straightforward for customers to lay hands on hard liquor. On the other hand, the Bootleggers smuggled liquor from oversees and Canada, stole it from government warehouses, and produced their own. The bootlegging business had become so extensive that the laws were flagrantly violated by gangsters, commoners and even sly government officials who had formed â€Å"corrupt alliances† with the mobsters, hence making it impossible to prevent immense quantities of liquor from en tering the country. The industry turned-over large amounts of profit, promoting more gangsters to become involved in the illegal money making business. As a result of this very profitable businesses in the illegal industry, there was much rival between gangs. This is emphasized in source 5, â€Å"underworld gangs set out to control the illicit liquor business† The profit motive caused many violent outrages and cold blooded mass murders, the worst being St. Valentine’s Day massacre, which was ordered by Al Capone, The most powerful and infamous bootlegger.Show MoreRelatedUnintended Consequences of Prohibition1537 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The law of unintended consequences is what happens when a simple system tries to regulate a complex system. The political system is simple; it operates with limited information (rational ignorance), short time horizons, low feedback, and poor and misaligned incentives. Society in contrast is a complex, evolving, high-feedback, incentive-driven system . When a simple system tries to regulate a complex system you often get unintended consequences.† (1) Before the prohibition of alcohol existed inRead MoreThe Consequences of Prohibition Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesthat was changed and USA suffered from many things, the great crash, prohibition and gang wars. But not only bad things happened Ââ€" there was also the new deal, new cultures, new poets and writers. The thing i want to write about is prohibition, that was a really big deal Ââ€" lots of books have been written about this subject, why it happened, which consequences it had and so on. And that is the same thing that i want to writeRead MoreCauses and Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition1399 Words   |  6 PagesProhibition and other substance bans have a long history in the United States dating back to the late 19th century. Cohen (2006) believed the root cause for drug-prohibition movement, including alcohol, derives from race. In the era of mass US immigration, Chinese, Mexicans, Black Africans, and European denominations, posed a democratic threat to White â€Å"native† Americans. White Racial fears amplified the moral problem of drug use to the Protestant Church by associating drugs with individual racialRead MoreThe Inintended Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition in The Unite States in the 1920s1680 Words   |  7 Pageswords) What were the unintended consequences of alcohol prohibition in the United States in the 1920’s? In this investigation, the focus will be on the time frame 1920 to 1933, from when the 18th amendment was passed to when alcohol prohibition was repealed. The pros and cons of national prohibition of alcohol in the aspects of health, financial, and social results will be weighed. This will be done through the interpretation of statistics from before and after prohibition, insights of those who livedRead MoreProhibition, A Film By Ken Burns1050 Words   |  5 PagesAbate Hlth 30 September 30, 2017 Prohibition, A film by Ken Burns – Part 2 Point 1 - Low consensus on an issue (or a law like Prohibition) means ‘enforcement is going to be difficult. To enforce an unpopular law – significant ‘resources need to be committed to the enforcement effort (e.g., regulation surveillance, violation arrests, court enforcement, etc.) How did this play itself out in the case of Alcohol Prohibition? It might be said regarding prohibition that much of America was in favorRead MoreIdentification And Evaluation Of Sources1315 Words   |  6 Pageswill explore the question: What were the causes that lead to Prohibition s failure in the United States? This investigation will follow the years 1893 through 1933 to analyze the reasons for Prohibition s failure as well as a shift away from Prohibition. The Prohibition era in the United States is most notably remembered for its inability to sober up the nation. According to Mark Thornton, a historian from Cato Institute, prohibition had some initial success but ultimately led to an increaseRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Marijuana And The United States1559 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal ever since, until recent years when states began legalizing it (huffpost.com). Although many people believe that the reason behind the prohibition of cannabis was based on genuine concern for the possible consequences it may have on the well-being of people if it remained accessible to all, the truth is that the drive behind the U.S.’s prohibition of cannabis was founded on racism. During the early 1900’s cannabis was considered an â€Å"ethnic drug† due to the fact that many Mexican immigrantsRead MoreNo Prohibitions, No Problem? Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesratification, the Eighteenth Amendment was repealed in December of 1933 w hen the Twenty First Amendment was ratified. In the short time Prohibition was a national law, the United States underwent a profound transformation. Most people in favor of Prohibition believed that passing the Eighteenth Amendment and laws like it would boost several flailing industries. Prohibition caused many industries to decline, showed the deep seeded corruption of government officials and law enforcement, and generated a crimeRead MoreThe Balloon Effect : A Metaphor That Compares Traditional Drug Prohibition1567 Words   |  7 Pagesa metaphor that compares traditional drug prohibition, interdiction, and eradication tactics as the equivalent of trying to squash a balloon without adequate force. Rather than succumb to the weight of the effort, the balloon will simply squash into other directions outside of the location where direct force is being applied. The fact that the drug market in the United States remains robust regardless of various domestic and international drug p rohibition, interdiction, and eradication policies andRead MoreMedical Marijuana Laws and their Effects1556 Words   |  7 Pages Medical Marijuana Laws and their Effects In 1936, George Herliman produced the propaganda film â€Å"Tell Your Children†, later titled â€Å"Reefer Madness†(â€Å"IMBD†, 1990-2014). This film, financed by a church group to display the exaggerated consequences of marijuana usage, was intended to inspire fear in parents and children alike. Though marijuana legalization has become a front burner topic, one would assume that our technological advances would invoke more rational responses from the

Inequality Can Be Defined As Opportunities Distributed

Inequality can be defined as opportunities distributed to different individuals in a society in an unequal distribution. Education is known to be the great equalizer of society, However, unequal distribution of educational resources negates this very concept. In education, a crucial measure of child s performance their socioeconomic status. Difference in social background results in differences in achievement within an academic field. Studies have shown that the higher the socioeconomic status, the more access to better education, and educational resources such as tutoring and extra educational classes. This is because the individual student s success depends on their parents income and where they live. More affluent neighborhoods have†¦show more content†¦Working-class and poor children, by contrast , tend to under-take the accomplishment of natural growth. ( Lareau 401) Middle class families are well involved in their children lives. They are also encouraging their childre n to engage in extracurricular activities, get involve in active participation in school that will drive them to question things beyond their capacity. While children of working class families do not necessarily demand the active participation of their children but rather delegate order for them to carry out in their daily lives. In addition, less attention is given to children of working class and poor families because they are deemed responsibly enough to carry out task independently. Based on Anyon’s research the level of one’s social class depends on the level of education a child is able to receive. Children of the middle class family are able to receive the higher quality of education because of the resources and the wide arrange of creativity that is allowed in the classrooms. Whereas children of the working class family lack many of those resources leaving them to be less creative and less well rounded. The two elementary schools labeled of working class families, lacked severely compared to those of a higher class. The teachers did not give clear direction of task, or showed any desire to help students who were struggling with their work. An example of working class students in a classroom from Anyon research is stated below: AnShow MoreRelatedEconomic Inequality, Inequality And Inequality952 Words   |  4 PagesOECD, the term inequality in the opposite of equity can be defined as evenness or fairness within the social, political, and economic perspectives. Equity forms the core value of both the western democratic tradition and religions. From the concept of equality, inequality can be described as unfair or uneven treatments of the people within the society or unequal distribution of resources, income, and other factors between different sectors in the society. Inequality can be defined as the unfairRead MoreUnequal Distribution of Wealth Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe way money is distributed within the United States is unbalanced, with the majority of the wealthy owning the bulk of the country’s wealth. Wealth can be defined as a person’s assets and monetary gains. This unequal distribution has caused numerous economic and geographical problems, such as how resources are divided among countries, how developed or industrialized a country is in relation to wealth distribution and the wide spread of disease and lack of medical attention due to an absence ofRead MoreEconomic and Social Costs of Inequality in Australia785 Words   |  4 Pagessocial costs and benefits of inequality in distribution of income in Australia. Income inequality describes the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among residents of an area. High levels of inequality indicate that a small number of people receive most of the total income, and that most people receive only a small share of the total. There are many advantages and disadvantages associated with the inequitable distribution of income. Income inequality can lead to an increase in theRead MoreIndividual Level And Systemic Level Of Opportunity Recognition1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Recognizing opportunities is a process that is necessary and will never be avoided by entrepreneurs that are looking to create value for their stakeholders. In order to understand more about the definition of opportunity recognition, it will be sensible to first get to know the meaning of opportunity. According to (Baron, 2006) â€Å"Opportunity can be interpreted as a perceived means of generating economic value such as profit that has not been exploited and is not currently exploited byRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1486 Words   |  6 Pagesworld with having a high inequality than other industrialized countries. Inequality exists in income, wealth, power and education. People who are legally and socially poor in the United States tend to stay in a cycle through life, not always by choice, but because they are given less opportunities, education and tools to achieve their success. The poverty stricken class has a significantly larger income gap than the upper class, the American Dream is weakened through opportunity and is shown throughRead MoreWealth Gap Between Whites And Minorities Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesWealth Gap in America America has a lengthy history on how it became the powerful country it is today, and although its history can be interrupted in many ways (depending who you ask) one thing that is for certain is that wealth has yet to be distributed equally amongst minorities. According to the article â€Å"Income inequality matter; Extreme gap in wealth makes society unstable.† Philip Meyer claims that the wealth gap between whites and minorities has existed since Ronald Reagans’ term of presidencyRead MoreSocial Inequalities Within New Zealand Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be discussing the social inequalities within New Zealand. These inequalities can include unequal income, education and healthcare. Through extensive research of academic resources, I will be discussing how educational, family, social and political factors contribute to the development of these inequalities. I will also be providing a line graph that shows the unequal income between classes and a se cond line graph that demonstrates the difference in student success between high decileRead MoreInequality in Australia Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagesfaced a number of economic instabilities that has seen the gap between the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ increase. To determine who the ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ are an in-depth investigation will be performed examining the circumstances under which the gap can be manipulated. The economic wellbeing of individuals is largely determined by their command over economic resources (ABS, 2009). The wellbeing of individuals who are classified as ‘haves’ are usually people who are asset rich, contain bonds, sharesRead MoreThe Gospel Of Wealth By Andrew Carnegie1180 Words   |  5 PagesWealth can be defined as a surplus. This surplus is distributed among a society. The distribution creates associations among the people of the society with respect to wealth. The Gospel of Wealth, writt en by Andrew Carnegie, describes two classes and the association of wealth between them. Adam Smith’s passage, Of the Natural Progress of Opulence, similarly, includes a reciprocal relationship of production between the town and country. Unlike the other essays, Marx’s, Communist Manifesto, debunksRead More Income Distribution and Economic Growth in LDCs Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesamong the society. The relationship between the income distribution and growth in the LDC’s is a significant factor that would affect government policies. Also, the study of the strategies, promoted from the government, would show us how the government can enable economic growth with a more equal income distribution. INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH For years, most of the more developed countries have been helping the less developed countries. Most of them believed that the only solution

The Universal Credit Program Project Management Free Essays

Management This report is addressed to the Universal Credit Project Board. Number of words: 1582 Executive Summary The Universal Credit Programme has failed in many eyes because of a lack of good project management. I researched the reasons of the lack of good project management and come to some good conclusions on the following subjects: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Universal Credit Program: Project Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Project Initiation The programme was underestimated and the goals where to optimistic, the effects of the project initiation are clearly linked back of the complications which appeared later on the project. For example the project has changed project manager 5 times because of a lack of transparency. The lack of transparency can be linked back to setting to many goals in the project initiation. The project should have research the details better on making an IT programme this big. 2. Project organisation and structure The programme has been approached with an agile method, a lot like scrum-method. The biggest mistake that was made is the lack of use of an agile project framework. It is logical that a programme from this size always includes Waterfall project management’. But in the Universal Credit programme the waterfall-managing ethod was counterworking the agile approach that was used. The project also lacks of a good stakeholders communication department, the communication with the stakeholders has been a big problem with the Universal Credit programme. More details about these conclusions can be found in the rest of the report. Introduction to the report For the course Project Management (344SAM) I am asked to write an report addressed to the Universal Credit Project Board. This is regarding the bad publicity the project has gotten lately from the press. The case study consists of an article form Brian Wernham where he claims that the Universal Credit Program has suffered from bad Project Management and a â€Å"lack of transparency’. In my research I will only use the information available till 5 September 2013, because this is the date when the report was published. In my research I will be focussing on the following 2 subjects: 1. Project initiation Brief background on project For this project I will be do research on the project management of the Universal Credit Programme. This program is developed to make a single monthly payment instead of all sorts separately benefits and tax credit top-ups payments. This rogram includes a ‘subsidy to work, people will be encouraged to work this way. To establish this project there must be a solid and reliable IT system. A lot of calculations have to been made and a lot of external influences must be taken in account. I’m going to research: What where the project goals, scope, organisation, business case, constraints? Which organisation and structure has been used? At the end of the report I will write my conclusions and recommendations. Project Initiation When the project was initiated at the end of 2012, there was a lot criticism on the project. This was mainly because of a lack of transparency; people didn’t really know what the programme meant. 1 1(The Ethical Deficit of the Proposed Universal Credit, Harley Dean, 2012, The Political Quarterly, Vol. 83, No. 2) The project initiation can be divided in 5 segments, which I will describe separately. Project Goals They are a lot of project goals for the universal credits programme: Good outcomes for claimants, Improved health (mental health especially), Increase the overall level of competencies and qualifications. Get more people from welfare into work. Reduce the amount of people getting homeless. And there are a lot of smaller goals stated in the report. They want to aim to process 95% of new housing benefits within 1 5 days. Also all the claims will merely be online processed. 3 Scope Entrepreneurial Council Board, Corporate Strategy and Governance Board. Project Organisation The project organisation consists of: 1 . Project Manager 2. Administrative employee 3. Trainee’s for staff 4. Online development 5. Communications and marketing 6. WMT The Entrepreneurial Council Board and WMT monitor the project. Business case There is no business case in the Project initiation document (PID). Constraints The PID says: â€Å"The current financial constraint being placed on the Council means we need to be creative about how we continue to deliver our services† 2 The budget and the quality are fixed. l will discuss this part in part 2. ) 2 (Project Initiation document. rtf, Alan Robinson, 2012, https:// knowledgenub. local. gov. uk/) 3 (Project Initation document (PID), Ali Ghanimi (project manager), John Magness (Project sponsor), August 2012, https://knowledgehub. local. gov. uk/) Criticism on the project initiation I will criticise all the parts of the project initiation separately. The project has a lot of goals and sub-goals. T his (as seen in the future) will lead to a lack of transparency because there can’t be send out one universal project goal. Also because of this high amount of goals there will be a lack of focus within the own organisation and even at the project manager. Project organisation The project organisation is monitored by the WMT itself; it could be useful to have influences from external parties. Also as seen in the future the complexity of the IT- part of this program is underestimated in this report. There should be more focus on how this IT-part is going to be set up and what kind of recourses are needed to chieve this. There is stated that no detailed business case is required. As shown in the future it would have been useful if they have done this part more detailed. The report would have set more directions for the programme as a whole. The price and quality are going to be fixed, getting the price fixed for an programme this size will require a lot of research in advance of the programme starting. This will take a lot of time and money and will exceed the 100million maximum development money that was agreed of in 2012 by the council office. 4 The universal credit has spent over 425 million pound on the development of Universal Credit, this could have been prevented by focussing more on the use of project management frameworks and a detailed business case which is supported with reliable research. 1 1 (Universal Credit, Incremental IT, Brian Wernham,2013, Course work briefing 344SAM, moodie) project INITIATION DOCUMENT (Pid) Project organisation and structure As seen in the previous part the project used ‘an agile development approach’. The costs and quality were fixed in advance. This is to ensure that the final product is really going to work. The development method, scrum, has been used, this is a flexible way of developing a roduct. The scrum was used without the use of a project management framework such as the Dynamic Systems Development. The programming was done by the scrum-like approach but as seen in section one of this report; this project has a lot of ‘big picture goals’; these goals fixed and are mainly in the Waterfall’ world. The board wanted a big up front design, which is crossing the scrum-like programming approach which is changing it’s goals and methods in an much higher speed. This big picture is counterworking the programmers. Below a illustration how the water-scrum-fall model works. In the Universal Credit System the ‘scrum’ didn’t have a change to be agile, once they went in a direction it was impossible to â€Å"swim back†. 2 1 (Water-scrum-fall model, Cristian Mesaros, Marketing Manager ,2013, www. iquestgroup. com/en/iquest-news/water-scrum-fall-model-life-sciences’) 2 (Universal Credit, Incremental IT, Brian Wernham,2013, Course work briefing 344SAM, moodle) The Overall governance structure is shown in the image below. It must be said that the project manager has been replaced 5 times in over a year of this programme running, how is this possible? The lack of transparency from day 1 has resulted in nclear targets. The project has been monitored by the WMT, this monitoring should have been more in collaborating with the lower-level mangers who where working with a way more flexible approach. Also is there a lack of a good stakeholders communication department, the communication with the stakeholders has been very bad and should have gotten more attention. (Preparing for Universal credit, London Borough of Lewisham local authority led pilot, August 2012, https://knowledgenub. local. gov. uk/) Conclusions The Universal Credit System is a project that has cost 4 times what was counted on. How is this possible and where can we put the blame? I’m going to give my conclusions on this research in 2 departments: Project Initiation The project had too much goals, which has lead to haziness for the ove rall The project has a lot of goals and sub-goals. This (as seen in the future) will lead to a lack of transparency because there cant be send out one universal project goal. Also money that was agreed of in 2012 by the council office. Project organisation and structure The project has changed 5 times of project manager because of a lack of transparency, intern and extern. Credit programme. I think the board underestimated he complexity ot this programme; overall the Universal Credit programme should have used project management a lot more. Recommendations Below a list of recommendations I make on what could have done better on the Universal Credit programme: Divide the programme in separate parts, with separate goals. How to cite The Universal Credit Program: Project Management, Papers